English scientist who had worked as an assistant in Boyle's lab. He published Micrographia in 1665, which was the first treatise on microscopic principles and observations. Hooke made many discoveries in microanatomy, and discovered the porous structure of cork which he termed "cells." He viewed cells simply as a container, however, and not as the basic unit of life. He also, like Boyle, performed numerous experiments with the air pump and showed that air was necessary for life and combustion. Hooke reveled in contradicting Newton.

Boyle, Newton

Additional biographies: MacTutor (St. Andrews), Dublin Trinity College