Thumbnail Image Index

   

1.   History & Preliminaries

(2) Discovering Galaxies: Ours & Others

      (a) Early Aims

Timelines     1750 - 1900       1900 - 1950     1950 - present

      (b) Before 1850 : Search & Discovery

Al Sufi (903 - 986) & M31

Thomas Wright (1750) "An Original Theory of the Universe"

Charles Messier

The Herschel Family and Telescopes

William Parsons (3rd Earl of Rosse)

      (c) 1850 - 1925 : The Great Debates

Sir William Huggins (1824 - 1910)

John Dreyer

James Keeler & the Crossley Reflector

Max Wolf

Jacobus Kapteyn (1851 - 1922)

Henrietta Leavitt (1868 - 1921)

Herzsprung & Russell (1851 - 1922)

Vesto Slipher

Shapley & Curtis

Lindblad & Oort

      (d) 1925 - 1950 : Expanding Horizons

Edwin Hubble

Karl Jansky

Fritz Zwicky

Walter Baade

Hans Bethe

Fred Hoyle

Burbidge(s), Fowler, & Hoyle

      (e) 1950 - Present : Modern Developments

Ed Salpeter

Eggen, Lynden-Bell, & Sandage

Maartin, Schmidt

Searle & Sargent

Vera Rubin

Penzias, & Wilson

COBE                   WMAP

HST                      HDF/UDF

SN-1994d     SN Cosmology Proj      High-z SN Proj

AAT  2dF                                     SDSS

(3) Preliminaries

      (a) The Big Picture

Basic Scales:   Galaxy & Universe

Size/Mass

Time/Energy

Density/Temp      Composition

      (b) Galaxies are Multicomponent Systems

Dark Halo

      (c) The Milky Way - A Typical Large Spiral

MW  Lookalikes & Arm Structure

MW  Components & Coordinates

      (d) A Wide Variety of Size, Mass & Form

M32  & M87

      (e) Collisionless Components
      (f)  Thermal & Fluid Character of Stellar Dynamics
      (g) Support : Rotation vs Dispersion
      (h) Dissipationless vs Dissipational Collapse
      (i)  Gas in and Between Galaxies
      (j)  Useful Units
      (k) Mass to Light Ratios
      (l)  Concordance Cosmology

Concordance Model Properties Full History                                       First Gyr                                         First 500 kyr